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India Boyer
India Boyer (1907-1998) was an American architect who was the first woman to pass Ohio's architectural licensing exam. She also worked as head of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' architecture department.
==Early life and education==
India Boyer was born on June 27, 1907, to Ethel and Calvin Boyer in Shelby County, Ohio. She was named after India Schoaff, a family friend.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.shelbycountyhistory.org/schs/archives/women/iboyerwomena.htm )〕 India's mother was the first woman to serve on the Perry Township Board of Education, while her father was a successful agriculturalist. She had two brothers, Ralph and Howard, one of whom became an engineer and the other a metallurgist. In 1925, India graduated as valedictorian of her class at Pemberton High School and, with the encouragement of her parents and brothers, went on to Ohio State University. The year she entered, Ohio State's Department of Architecture opened its doors to women for the first time, and India was one of the six who enrolled. Boyer was surprised to learn that military training was a requirement of the architectural program, but she simply refused to participate in it. The difficult workload eliminated the other women in the architectural area until only India Boyer remained.
Boyer's fellow students were cool towards her at first, but her perseverance earned their respect and eventually they warmed up enough to lend a hand with a critical design project towards the end of her time in the program. However, serious obstacles remained: at one point she learned that she was not eligible to take part in a competitive examination that allowed the winner to study architecture in France over the summer. She protested her exclusion and was told that the reason for it was that she "might win and there were no facilities for women there."〔
During her junior and senior year, she worked for local architect Joseph Bradford, and she hoped to continue to work with him after graduation. She graduated in 1930 in a class of 1,450 students of whom only 11 were architects and Boyer the only woman.
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